Intel 4004 - definizione. Che cos'è Intel 4004
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Cosa (chi) è Intel 4004 - definizione

4-BIT CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT P.U.T.O
4004; C4004; Microprocessor 4004; I4004; MCS-4; Intel MCS-4
  • Intel 4004 architectural block diagram
  • Two C4004 DIPs, with one opened to show the die
  • Intel 4004 cpu and associated chips on the circuit board from a Busicom calculator
  • Intel 4004 DIP chip [[pinout]]
  • National Semiconductor was a [[second-source]] manufacturer of the 4004, under their part number INS4004.<ref>[http://www.cpu-world.com/CPUs/4004/index.html Intel 4004 microprocessor family], retrieved December 14, 2011.</ref>
  • In the lower-right corner of the CPU are the initials "F.F."
  • OEM]] version of the Busicom 141-PF.

Intel 4004         
<processor> The world's first microprocessor, released in 1971. The 4004 contained 2300 transistors (compared with 5.5 million in the 1996 Pentium Pro) and was intended for use in a calculator. It processed data in 4 bits, but its instructions were 8 bits long. Program and Data memory were separate, it had 1 kilobyte of data memory and a 12-bit PC for 4K of program memory (in the form of a 4 level stack, used for CALL and RET instructions). There were also sixteen 4-bit (or eight 8-bit) general purpose registers. The 4004 had 46 instructions. (1997-03-30)
INTEL         
  • [[Andy Grove]], [[Robert Noyce]] and [[Gordon Moore]] in 1978
  • [[Federico Faggin]], designer of the [[Intel 4004]]
  • An Intel mSATA SSD
  • I/O]] in the same chip
  • language=es}}</ref>
  • Paul Otellini, Craig Barrett and Sean Maloney in 2006
AMERICAN SEMICONDUCTOR CHIP MANUFACTURER
Intel Corpoartion; INTC; Intel Corp.; Intel Inside; Open Source Technology Center; Integrated Electronics Corp.; TV You; Leap ahead; Intc; Chipzilla; Intel motherboard; Intel based; Intel-based system; Intel Open Port; Intel.com; Intel inside; Intel corporation; Intel Corporation; Intel Corp; Intel MPI; Intel Software Focus Group; Intel Press; Intel Corporation Corp; Integrated electronics; INTC (NASDAQ); NM Electronics; @intel; Moore noyce; Moore Noyce; 10.1535; Intel - The Leader in Microcomputers; Intel Japan K.K.; Intel Corporation S.A.R.L.; Intel Semiconductor GmbH; Intel Corporation (U.K.) Ltd.; Intel Corporation SARL; Intel Semiconductor; Intel Japan K. K.; Intel Microcomputer Systems Group; Intel delivers; Intel Microcomputers. First from the beginning.; Intel Japan Corp.; Intel CSME Bug; Habana Labs; Firmware Support Package; Intel.; Intel Foundry Services; 01.org; Integrated Electronics Corporation; Intel lawsuits; The Computer Inside
INtegriertes TEileLogistiksystem (Reference: MBAG)
Intel         
  • [[Andy Grove]], [[Robert Noyce]] and [[Gordon Moore]] in 1978
  • [[Federico Faggin]], designer of the [[Intel 4004]]
  • An Intel mSATA SSD
  • I/O]] in the same chip
  • language=es}}</ref>
  • Paul Otellini, Craig Barrett and Sean Maloney in 2006
AMERICAN SEMICONDUCTOR CHIP MANUFACTURER
Intel Corpoartion; INTC; Intel Corp.; Intel Inside; Open Source Technology Center; Integrated Electronics Corp.; TV You; Leap ahead; Intc; Chipzilla; Intel motherboard; Intel based; Intel-based system; Intel Open Port; Intel.com; Intel inside; Intel corporation; Intel Corporation; Intel Corp; Intel MPI; Intel Software Focus Group; Intel Press; Intel Corporation Corp; Integrated electronics; INTC (NASDAQ); NM Electronics; @intel; Moore noyce; Moore Noyce; 10.1535; Intel - The Leader in Microcomputers; Intel Japan K.K.; Intel Corporation S.A.R.L.; Intel Semiconductor GmbH; Intel Corporation (U.K.) Ltd.; Intel Corporation SARL; Intel Semiconductor; Intel Japan K. K.; Intel Microcomputer Systems Group; Intel delivers; Intel Microcomputers. First from the beginning.; Intel Japan Corp.; Intel CSME Bug; Habana Labs; Firmware Support Package; Intel.; Intel Foundry Services; 01.org; Integrated Electronics Corporation; Intel lawsuits; The Computer Inside

Wikipedia

Intel 4004

The Intel 4004 is a 4-bit central processing unit (CPU) released by Intel Corporation in 1971. Sold for US$60, it was the first commercially produced microprocessor, and the first in a long line of Intel CPUs.

The 4004 was the first significant example of large scale integration, showcasing the superiority of the MOS silicon gate technology (SGT). Compared to the incumbent technology, the SGT integrated on the same chip area twice the number of transistors with five times the operating speed. This step-function increase in performance made possible a single-chip CPU, replacing the existing multi-chip CPUs. The innovative 4004 chip design served as a model on how to use the SGT for complex logic and memory circuits, thus accelerating the adoption of the SGT by the world’s semiconductor industry. The developer of the original SGT at Fairchild was Federico Faggin who designed the first commercial integrated circuit (IC) that used the new technology, proving its superiority for analog/digital applications (Fairchild 3708 in 1968). He later used the SGT at Intel to obtain the unprecedented integration necessary to make the first single chip microprocessor.

The project traces its history to 1969, when Busicom Corp. approached Intel to design a family of seven chips for an electronic calculator, three of which constituted a CPU specialized for making different calculating machines. The CPU was based on data stored on shift-registers and instructions stored on ROM (read only memory). The complexity of the three-chip CPU logic design led Marcian Hoff to propose a more conventional CPU architecture based on data stored on RAM (random access memory). This architecture was much simpler and more general-purpose and could potentially be integrated into a single chip, thus reducing the cost and improving the speed. Design began in April 1970 under the direction of Federico Faggin aided by Masatoshi Shima who contributed to the architecture and later to the logic design. The first delivery of a fully operational 4004 was in March 1971 to Busicom for its 141-PF printing calculator engineering prototype (now displayed in the Computer History Museum in Mountain View, California). General sales began July 1971.

A number of innovations developed by Faggin while working at Fairchild Semiconductor allowed the 4004 to be produced on a single chip. The main concept was the use of the self-aligned gate, made of polysilicon rather than metal, which allowed the components to be much closer together and work at higher speed. To make the 4004 possible, Faggin also developed the "bootstrap load", considered unfeasible with silicon gate, and the "buried contact" that allowed the silicon gates to be connected directly to the source and drain of the transistors without the use of metal. Together, these innovations doubled the circuit density, and thus halved cost, allowing a single chip to contain 2,300 transistors and run five times faster than designs using the previous MOS technology with aluminum gates.

The 4004 design was later improved by Faggin as the Intel 4040 in 1974. The Intel 8008 and 8080 were unrelated designs in spite of the similar naming.